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The American civil war erupts the basic reason, lies in the "two kind of social systems is the slave system and between free labor system combat". After American independence, south and north along two different roads development. In the north, the capitalism economy development is rapid, from the 19th century 20's, north and middle various states started the Industrial Revolution, completed to the 50's. In 1860, north the industrial production occupied world fourth, the total output value amounts to 1.88 billion US dollars. But in south, then implements is the plantation black slave system, south in 1860 had the black slave 4 million people. South the slave system is the growth in the American society's wen, it has seriously suffocated
north the industry and commerce development, the north and south contradiction and the combat gets up from 19th century day by day intensely. West combats mainly centers on the land to launch. North requests in the western area development capitalism, the limit even to forbid the slave system the expansion; South then tries hard in the western even nation to expand the slave system. Both sides have as contradictory bred the armed conflict as the 19th century 50's in the local area. In front of slave-owner's closing in on, north the people initiated mammoth "waste slave movement", south the black slave also unceasingly launches the rebellion. Combats in the people under
the impetus, north the bourgeoisie starts to advocate abolishes the slave system. In 1854 Republican Party had been established, in 1860, opposed slavery Republican Party person Lincoln was elected as president, this has betokened the slave system weekend. Thereupon, south 7 states withdrawals federation, in, 1861 has February established new "national" -- "America various states alliance", establishes a capital city the richmond. On April 12, south the army shell and has seized the federation army's Sumter fort on 14th, has provoked the civil war.
The Civil War is in the American history a most frigid war, in this war, some 3 million injured, 600,000 dead, south "the capital" richmond razes. This also is in the American history the only civil war, the north and south kills one another the wound which brings still with difficulty to subside until now.
In March, 1861, Lincoln took an oath takes office American presidents, he announced the "federation did not allow to split", but also said:
"has no intention direct or the indirect interference gathers the slave state slave system", seeks reconciles with the south slave-owner. But south the slave-owner not only does not give pays attention to, moreover actively plans the rebellion. In April 12 ~ on
14th, south the army shelled and has seized outside the Charleston port Sumter fort, this event symbolized the civil war start. On April 15 Lincoln announced battles to the south.
At that time the American north and south both sides power balance was disparate. North has 23 states, the population 22 million, the industrial production is south 10 times. South only then 7 states 9 million population. South the reason that dares to provoke the war, is
because south has already prepared for from the military, south army quality high, the munitions industry is developed, and obtains country's the and so on England and France aid. North south wants to
be defeated through fighting a battle to force a quick decision. The American civil war divides into two stages and the thing two big battlefields roughly. From April, 1861 to September, 1862 was "the limited war" stage. Both sides both amass forces for capture the enemy capital in the east battlefield but to launch the fierce combat. South the army command is outstanding strategist Robert Li, he acts according to the both sides great disparity in strength condition north, formulated the strategy which attacked in order to defend, the amass forces has sought annihilates the army main force north, forced to sign the treaty signed under coercion.
But north to war preparations insufficiency, also adopted the so-called "big snake to plan", the separation of force in 8,000 mile long front, sympathized with the slave-owner Commander Mcclelland to adopt in addition the negative tactic north, caused the army to suffer setbacks again and again. In 1861, both sides held first horse that Suss in the east battlefield to engage in a decisive battle. On July 21, north initiates the offensive which marches to the south capital richmond, 35,000 north armies are arranging the neat formation, marches in the army music to the richmond. Because north beforehand the big momentum, south thought the army collapses at the first blow, in addition this day is Saturday, thereupon many Washington residents, member of national assembly, reporter and so on wear the splendid
attire, bring their wives and sons, raises the clothing to have the picnic the basket, some seat horse-drawn vehicles, some along with the army walk,
the picture celebrate a holiday is same, comes the battlefield to go sightseeing, watches the fun. South the army 22,000 welcomes in the railway station horse that Suss array. North the army initiates the attack in audience's cheers to the south army, the violent gunfire covers the south army front in the smog. North the army subsequently bridged over the Boolean river to initiate the assault to the opposite shore. Who south thought army commander is great soldier Tuo Masi
Jackson, he calm commanded, has repelled north the army 5 charges,therefore obtained "stone wall" the laudatory name. Combat extremely intense, because bilateral military uniform nearly same, the enemy and
ourselves are difficult to distinguish for a while, a battlefield confusion. Soon, south the army 9,000 subsidiary troops rush, initiate counter-attack.
South this stage has occupied the obvious superiority. North the unfavorable situation reason besides the south army quality Gao Heli outstanding command, mainly is because north the bourgeoisie fear has the revolution, does not dare explicitly to announce abolishes the slave system, the liberation black, but fantasized rerealizes the north and south through the compromise to be unified.
Lincoln is the great statesman worthily, he sees wants to want to obtain the war the victory, must decide to solve the black and the slavery this core question. Thereupon he has accepted people's opinion, complied with the historical trend, in September 22, 1862, has made "Liberation Manifesto" resolutely, announced the American 4 million blacks slaves is liberated from January 1, 1863. This great history file has sounded south the slavery death knell. At the same
time, Lincoln has also implemented a series of revolutionary policy, for example: Promulgates "Dwelling Law", apportions the western land the people; Arms the black; Implementation selective service; The reorganization military command organization, replaced has sympathized with the slave-owner, operational negative Mcclelland, appointed gland specially commander-in-chief, drafted the progressive income tax to the rich person, suppressed "the copper head snake" counter-revolutionary, and so on. These measures enormously aroused north the general populace's enthusiasm, has the nearly million people to enlist in the military enthusiastically, including 230,000 blacks
enlisted personnels. The war entered "from September, 1862 revolutionary war stage".
In 1864, north the army initiated three groups offensive to south. In the east battlefield, Grant uses the depletion strategy, after wilderness campaign, the cold port engages in a decisive battle, causes the Li army main force depletion danger, loses 32000, again
incapably launch offensive operation. In west line, behind Sherman long-distance raid enemy. South he commands 100,000 armies to invade the center south, in September attacks and occupies biggest industrial
city Atlanta. From November 15, also chooses 62,000 crack troops,initiates "to march" to the sea, more than months armies drive straight ahead more than 300 miles, the everywhere one visit, implements "three light" policy, burns down the plantation, the cities and the village, destroys the factory enterprise, all dismantles including the railway rail makes curved. South everywhere the flame soars to the heavens, piece of ruins. On December 21 the army has attacked and occupied Savannah south, completed has destroyed the rear task. At the same time, north the navy also implements "to south to suffocate the type to interdict", has shut off south the foreign relation completely.
In 1865, south the end of hills and rivers, has bordered on the collapse the edge. North the army initiates the final offensive from the land sea two directions, north the army attacks and captures strategic place Petersburg and south the capital richmond, Li Jun also remains to 30,000 remnants of a defeated army, on April 9 is not compelled to Grant to surrender. Soon, south the remnant army 170,000 completely lays down the weapon. Gains victory in the north the time, south the slave-owner member has assassinated President Lincoln. But this puts up a last-ditch struggle the misfortune which could not save south is defeated. The American civil war wins, south the slave system by the north perishes but comes to an end.
North wins the reason, is because Lincoln can comply with the historical trend, adopts liberates the black and so on a series of revolutionary measure, transferred north the general populace and black's enthusiasm, at the same time the international just strength vigorously support, the North and South economical strength the important attribute which is disparate also is north wins.
The Civil War ended after that section of period is called reconstruction. The target is south the reconstruction,Because war period many battles the place all in the south,South may say is destroyed nearly,South constructs is President Lincoln's target,Another target is south the hope and the north people can again like the enemy,But President Lincoln cannot again the rest of the year see actually to this different result,President Lincoln from now on five days has been killed at the war,The murderer is a human which does not fill the Lincoln method of work,Lincoln's death news shocked entire US but also to cause the American people even more to uniteUS Civil War for American history in second bourgeois revolution.
Eliminated in the capitalism developing process exterior barrier north, causes the capitalism economy and south the plantation economy all develops; Started afterwards expands in England's Industrial Revolution to US, has accomplished the US capitalism economy further development.
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发表于 2005-10-30 23:53
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发表于 2005-10-31 12:17